Geomagnetic storms can disrupt social infrastructure on Earth; thus, accurate and timely monitoring is required to reduce their future socioeconomic impact . This study compares the planetary geomagnetic disturbance index (KP) with local indices at Fredericksburg (FRD) and Kakioka (KAK) stations. Local K indices at KAK and Cheongyang (CYG) are estimated and validated using indices observed at both stations. We found generally similar correlations between the KP index and the local K indices at FRD and KAK; however, their details differ. The results show that, even when planetary geomagnetic storms are observed, the local K can be smaller than the observed KP. This implies that both KP and local K should be simultaneously monitored . Real-time estimation of local K shows that the estimated K at KAK and CYG correlates well with the observed K. The estimation probability at KAK and CYG, with an error range of ±1, is greater than 98% when the local K is greater than 3. This...
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